ATM - The ATM gene, which stands for Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated, plays a critical role in the cellular response to DNA damage. Mutations in this gene can lead to a rare genetic disorder called ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) and also increase the risk of developing various cancers.

BRCA1 -

The BRCA1 gene (Breast Cancer gene 1) is a well-known tumour suppressor gene that plays a critical role in DNA repair. Mutations in this gene significantly increase a woman's risk of developing breast cancer and ovarian cancer, and can also elevate cancer risk in men to a lesser extent.

BRCA2 - The BRCA2 gene, standing for Breast Cancer gene 2, is another critical tumour suppressor gene that works alongside BRCA1 to safeguard our genetic information. Mutations in BRCA2 significantly increase the risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers, similar to BRCA1, but also influence the risk of other cancers.

CDH1 - The CDH1 gene provides instructions for making a protein called epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin). This protein plays a critical role in cell adhesion, a process where cells stick to each other and to the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM).

CHEK2 - The CHEK2 gene encodes a protein called checkpoint kinase 2, which plays a critical role in maintaining genomic stability. Mutations in this gene can increase the risk of developing various cancers.

PALB2 - The PALB2 gene, also known as Partner And Localizer Of BRCA2,  is a tumour suppressor gene that plays a critical role in the DNA repair process. It helps maintain the stability of a cell's genetic material, PALB2 mutations can cause cancer.

PTEN - Mutations or deletions in the PTEN gene can impair its function. This can lead to uncontrolled cell division and contribute to the development of various cancers, including those of the prostate, breast, lung, and endometrium

TP53 -  This protein is a major tumour suppressor, meaning it acts like a guardian of the genome by regulating cell division and preventing uncontrolled cell growth.