Full Blood Count (FBC) provides information about the different cells in the blood, these include the red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Red blood cells contain haemoglobin which carries oxygen to the different tissues in the body whereas white blood cells control the immune system and protects the body from foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses. FBC testing are used as a screening test for various disorders like anaemia and infections. FBC includes the following Individual Biomarkers: Basophils, Basophils percent, Eosinophils, Eosinophils percent, Haematocrit, Haemoglobin, Lymphocytes, Lymphocytes percent, Mean Cell Haemoglobin, Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration, Mean Cell Volume (MCV), Mean Platelet Volume, Monocytes, Monocytes percent, Neutrophils, Neutrophils percent, Platelet Count, Red Cell Count, Red Cell Distribution Width, White Cell Count

Urea and Electrolyte Panel

Sodium  is an electrolyte involved in fluid balance and nerve function. Testing for sodium levels is necessary to evaluate electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, or certain medical conditions. Monitoring sodium levels helps assess hydration status, guide appropriate treatments, and maintain electrolyte balance for overall health and well-being. A low sodium level can be dangerous and testing helps monitor for this.

Potassium is a crucial electrolyte involved in nerve function, muscle contraction, and maintaining heart rhythm. Testing for potassium levels is necessary to assess electrolyte imbalances, kidney function, or certain medical conditions. Monitoring potassium levels reveals and helps manage conditions such as electrolyte imbalances, hypertension, or kidney disease. A high or low potassium level can be dangerous and testing helps correct this.

Chloride is an electrolyte involved in maintaining fluid balance and regulating pH levels. Testing for chloride levels is necessary to assess electrolyte imbalances, kidney function, or certain medical conditions. Monitoring chloride levels helps diagnose and manage conditions such as dehydration, kidney disorders, or blood pH imbalances. Monitoring chloride level is important in situations like persistent vomiting and/or diarrhoea. Chloride imbalances may occur with changes in levels of the other electrolytes.

Urea is a waste product that is filtered out of the bloodstream by the kidneys and passed out of the body in the urine. Urea tests are used to show how well the kidneys are working as well as an indicator for diseases affecting the kidneys and liver.

Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscles and the kidney removes it via the urine. Creatinine tests are used as an indicator of whether the kidneys are working normally.

Bicarbonate Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate: Bicarbonate is an important electrolyte that helps regulate the body’s acid-base balance. Testing for bicarbonate levels is necessary to evaluate acid-base imbalances, kidney function, or certain medical conditions. Monitoring bicarbonate levels helps diagnose and manage serious conditions metabolic conditions and kidney disorders. Testing is particularly useful in people with kidney disease for monitoring.

Bicarbonate is an important electrolyte that helps regulate the body’s acid-base balance. Testing for bicarbonate levels is necessary to evaluate acid-base imbalances, kidney function, or certain medical conditions. Monitoring bicarbonate levels helps diagnose and manage serious conditions metabolic conditions and kidney disorders. Testing is particularly useful in people with kidney disease for monitoring.

Liver Panel:

Total Bilirubin: Bilirubin can be found in bile and red blood cells. Total bilirubin tests can be used to diagnose and monitor liver diseases and some types of anaemia.

Alanine Transaminase (ALT) is an enzyme found mostly in the liver and in smaller amounts in the heart, kidneys and muscles. It is released into the bloodstream during an injury to the liver, heart, kidneys and muscles and an abnormal level can be a sign of a problem with one of these organs.

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme found mostly in the liver and in smaller amounts in the heart and muscles. It is released into the bloodstream during an injury to the liver, heart and muscles and an abnormal level can be a sign of a problem with one of these organs

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme found mostly in the liver and bone. Abnormal levels of this enzyme can be a sign of liver or bone disease.

Total Protein is the combined total of all proteins in the blood stream (including albumin and globulin). Proteins have many important functions and measuring their levels can provide a sign can be helpful in identifying problems in their formation and distribution throughout the body

Albumin is a protein produced in the liver. It has many functions such as transporting hormones, vitamins and medications throughout the body. Albumin tests can be used to help diagnose and monitor diseases of the liver and kidney.

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) is an enzyme found mostly in the liver and in smaller amounts in the gallbladder, spleen, pancreas and kidney. It is important for the metabolism of drugs, alcohol and other toxins. GGT tests can be used to detect problems with metabolism such as excessive alcohol intake and problems with the organs where it is found.

Globulin is a protein produced in the liver. It has many functions and is important for blood clotting and fighting infections. Globulin tests can be used to diagnose illnesses of the liver and kidneys as well as autoimmune disorders.

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) test the rate of sedimentation of red blood cells. it can be used to identify inflammation.

Bone Panel

Calcium is an important mineral which is found in the bones as well as circulating in the blood. It has a range of functions and is essential in bone formation and blood clotting. Calcium tests are used to diagnose and monitor conditions relating to the bone, heart and kidneys.

Adjusted Calcium is also known as the corrected calcium because it factors in how much calcium is active and how much is inactive in the blood. Calcium tests are used to diagnose and monitor different conditions correlating to the bone, heart and kidneys.

Phosphate is a mineral involved in bone formation, energy metabolism, and cell signallling. Abnormal phosphate levels can indicate various medical conditions, such as kidney disease, hormonal disorders, or nutritional deficiencies. Testing helps identify individuals at risk of phosphate abnormalities, enabling appropriate interventions, including dietary modifications or supplementation.

Urate High levels of Urate (Uric acid) can cause gout which is a form of painful arthritis and kidney stones. The level of urate can be used to detect a risk for these conditions.

Thyroid Panel

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) are made by the pituitary gland in the brain to stimulate the thyroid gland (located by the throat). The hormones that are produced are used to regulate weight, body temperature and muscle strength. Levels of TSH are measured as it is an indicator of thyroid disease and is commonly tested with Free T4 and Free T3.

Free T4 (free thyroxine) is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland. This hormone is involved in several body functions including metabolism and growth. It can be used for the diagnosis of thyroid diseases such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism as well as aiding the diagnosis of female infertility problems. Free T4 is commonly tested with Free T3 and TSH.

Free T3 (free triiodothyronine) is a hormone produced by the thyroid glands. This hormone is involved in several body functions including metabolism. It can be used to aid the diagnosis of thyroid diseases such as hyperthyroidism. Free T3 is commonly tested with Free T4 and TSH.

C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is a protein which increases in the blood during inflammation. hs CRP tests are used to predict the risk of heart conditions such as a heart attack. It can also be used to indicate whether an infection is bacterial or viral

Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) Glucose (a kind of sugar) builds up in the blood and binds to the haemoglobin in the red blood cells. A Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test is used to measure the average level of blood glucose over the past two to three months and is commonly used to diagnose and monitor diabetes.

Vitamin D is a vitamin which is used in the regulation of calcium and magnesium absorption from the gut, it is also important for the growth and health of bones. Vitamin D comes from two sources; it can be ingested from foods and supplements or be produced in the skin once it is exposed to sunlight. Vitamin D tests are used to identify vitamin D deficiency and to monitor diseases that interfere with fat absorption like Crohn’s disease.

Ferritin is a blood protein that is used to store iron. Iron is used for the transportation of oxygen in the blood. Ferritin is measured to understand how much iron the body is storing. Ferritin tests are used to help diagnose anaemia and liver disease